ABSTRACT
With the development of modern technologies in the field of healthcare, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in disease management is increasing. AI methods may assist healthcare providers in the COVID-19 era. The current study aimed to observe the efficacy and importance of AI for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. An organized search was conducted, utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane up to September 2022. Studies were considered qualified for inclusion if they met the inclusion criterion. We conducted review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. There were 52 documents that met the eligibility criteria to be included in the review. The most common item using AI during the COVID-19 era was predictive models to foretell pneumonia and mortality risks in people with COVID-19 based on medical and experimental parameters. COVID-19 mortality was related to being male and elderly based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) logistic regression analysis of demographics, clinical data, and laboratory tests of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. AI can predict, diagnose and model COVID-19 by using techniques such as support vector machines, decision trees, and neural networks. It is suggested that future research should deal with the design and development of AI-based tools for the management of chronic diseases such as COVID-19. © 2023 Samaneh Mohammadi, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Mohammad Heydari, Zahra Pashaei, Pegah Mirzapour, Amirali Karimi, Amir Masoud Afsahi, Peyman Mirghaderi, Parsa Mohammadi, Ghazal Arjmand, Yasna Soleimani, Ayein Azarnoush, Hengameh Mojdeganlou, Mohsen Dashti, Hadiseh Azadi Cheshmekabodi, Sanaz Varshochi, Mohammad Mehrtak, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, and Daniel Hackett. This open-access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
ABSTRACT
Objectives The medical and health facilities are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study tested the preprocedural prophylactic mouthwash rinses to reduce the oral viral load. The findings from this study will help the practitioners to select the best mouthwash for the patients to mitigate the risk of transmission during aerosolizing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four commonly used types of mouthwash in reducing intraoral viral load among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted with 116 patients referred to the Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences of Hamadan City, and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Patients were randomized into four groups with each group rinsed their mouth with 20 mL of 2% povidone-iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, normal saline as a control study group, or 0.12% chlorhexidine, respectively, for 20 seconds. The standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method evaluated the virus load before and at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using the mentioned mouthwash. Results Our results revealed that chlorhexidine and H 2O 2showed the highest efficiency in reducing SARS-Co-2 load in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal region of patients;they increased the Ct values by 9 to 10 (before: 25.84 vs. after 32. 4, p < 0.455) (17.333 vs. after 26.497, p <0.097). Conclusion Our findings suggest that chlorhexidine and H 2O 2could be used in dental clinics to reduce the risk of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infected individuals to dentists before dental procedures. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the aged people as well as those with underlying chronic medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The higher adherence to refined carbohydrate diets, sweats, and saturated fats contributes to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes;these disorders increase the risk for severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Fast food consumption activates the intrinsic immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defence against viruses. Furthermore, inflammatory responses caused by COVID-19 may have long-term costs in survived individuals, leading to chronic disorders such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that are related to an unhealthy diet. Therefore, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a main concern and individuals should be aware of healthy eating habits to reduce COVID-19 complications. © 2021, Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. © 2021 Jalal Bohlouli, Amir Reza Moravejolahkami, Marjan Ganjali Dashti, Zakiyeh Balouch Zehi, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Mohammad Borzoo-Isfahani and Nimah Bahreini-Esfahani.